如果一个国家从根本上是分裂的，那么将国家凝聚在一起的任务就落在了政府身上。
If a nation is essentialy disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.
这增加了政府的行政开支，并相应地减少了可用于发展国家的经济资源总量。
This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.
而且，在一个贫穷落后的国家，那些资源有多么匮乏，这一点不应该被忘记。
And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.
凡是治理成本高昂之处，用于发展的资源便相应地匮乏。
Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.
这一点可以通过将一个国家的处境与一家私营商业企业的处境进行比较来加以说明。
This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.
一家企业为了维持正常经营，必须承担一定的成本与开支。
An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.
就我们的论证目的而言，我们只关注一种成本——管理和行政运营企业的成本。
For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business.
企业中此类行政管理开销，与国家的治理成本在性质上是相似的。
Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.
企业的行政管理开销低廉，取决于企业中每一位员工能够被信任——以最有利于公司利益的方式行事。
The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.
如果每一位员工都能被信任，能承担相应的职责，并在其职权范围内主动行使应有的主观能动性，那么行政管理开销便会保持低廉。
If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.
开销会保持低廉，是因为只需安排一个人负责每项工作，而无需另派一人来核查他在做什么、使他遵规守纪，并向别人汇报他的情况。
It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else.
但是，如果没有任何人可以被信任，以忠诚负责的态度对待自己的工作，那么企业将需要大批行政管理人员、核查人员和工头，行政管理开销便会相应地大幅攀升。
But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.
随着行政管理开销的上升，企业在支付行政费用之后的盈余便会相应下降；企业用于派发股息或直接投入未来发展建设的资金也将随之减少。
As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.
对一个国家而言，情形恰恰如此。
It is precisely the same with a nation.
只要人民能够被信赖，以忠诚负责的态度行事，政府便无需庞大的警察队伍和文职人员来维持社会秩序。
To the extent that the people can be relied on to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.
但是，如果一个国家处于分裂状态，政府便无法确信人民的行动会符合国家的利益；因此政府将不得不对人民实施监视、核查和管控。
But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.
因此，一个分裂的国家不得不承担过高的治理成本。
A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.